KataroguMunyaya yekutaurirana pasina waya, nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwema "smart terminals" uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekudiwa kwedata service, kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zve "spectrum" kwave dambudziko iro indasitiri inofanira kugadzirisa nekukurumidza. Nzira yechinyakare yekugovera ma "spectrum" inonyanya kutsamira pama "fixed frequency bands", izvo zvisingangokonzere kutambisa zviwanikwa chete, asiwo zvinoderedza kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwenetwork. Kubuda kwetekinoroji ye "cognitive radio" kunopa mhinduro itsva yekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwe "spectrum". Nekuona nharaunda uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo e "spectrum", "cognitive radio" inogona kuona kugoverwa kwakangwara kwezviwanikwa zve "spectrum". Nekudaro, kugovera ma "spectrum" pakati pevashandi kuchiri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda anoshanda nekuda kwekuoma kwekuchinjana kwemashoko uye manejimendi ekupindira.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, network ye multi-redhiyo access network (RAN) yemushandi mumwe chete inoonekwa senzvimbo yakakodzera yekushandisa tekinoroji ye cognitive radio. Kusiyana ne spectrum sharing pakati pevashandisi, mushandi mumwe chete anogona kuwana kugoverwa kwakanaka kwezviwanikwa zve spectrum kuburikidza nekugovana ruzivo rwakanyanya uye manejimendi ari pakati, uku achideredza kuoma kwekudzora kupindira. Maitiro aya haangogone kungovandudza mashandiro ese enetwork, asiwo kupa mukana wekutarisira zvine hungwaru zviwanikwa zve spectrum.
Munzvimbo yenetwork yemushandi mumwe chete, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeredhiyo yekuziva kunogona kuita basa guru. Chekutanga, kugovana ruzivo pakati penetworks kuri nyore. Sezvo nzvimbo dzese dzebase uye ma access nodes zvichitungamirirwa nemushandi mumwe chete, sisitimu inogona kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha senge nzvimbo yebase station, mamiriro echiteshi, uye kugoverwa kwemushandisi munguva chaiyo. Rutsigiro urwu rwakakwana uye rwakarurama rwedata runopa hwaro hwakavimbika hwekugoverwa kwe dynamic spectrum.
Chechipiri, nzira yekubatanidza zviwanikwa zvepakati inogona kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandiswa kwespectrum. Nekuunza centralized management node, vashandisi vanogona kugadzirisa nzira yekugovera maspectrum zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nenetwork panguva chaiyo. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekumhanya zvakanyanya, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvespectrum zvinogona kugoverwa kunzvimbo dzine mushandisi akawandisa kutanga, ukuwo zvichichengetedza kugoverwa kwemaspectrum ane density yakaderera mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nokudaro zvichiita kuti zviwanikwe zvinochinjika.
Pamusoro pezvo, kudzora kupindira mukati memushandi mumwe chete kuri nyore. Sezvo network dzese dziri pasi pekutonga kwesystem imwe chete, kushandiswa kwespectrum kunogona kurongwa zvakaenzana kudzivirira matambudziko ekupindira anokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwenzira yekubatanidza mukugovana kwespectrum yepakati pevashandisi. Kufanana uku hakungogadzirisi kugadzikana kwesystem chete, asiwo kunopa mukana wekushandisa nzira dzakaoma dzekuronga spectrum.
Kunyangwe mamiriro ekushandiswa kweredhiyo yekuziva yemushandi mumwe chete aine zvakanakira zvikuru, matambudziko akawanda ehunyanzvi achiri kuda kukundwa. Chekutanga ndechekururama kwekuona kwespectrum. Tekinoroji yeredhiyo yekuziva inofanirwa kutarisa kushandiswa kwespectrum munetwork munguva chaiyo uye kupindura nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, nharaunda dzakaoma dzewireless dzinogona kutungamira kuruzivo rwemamiriro echiteshi chisina kururama, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwekugoverwa kwespectrum. Panyaya iyi, kuvimbika uye kumhanya kwekupindura kwekuona kwespectrum kunogona kuvandudzwa nekuunza maalgorithms ekudzidza emuchina akanyanya kunaka.
Chechipiri kuoma kwekuparadzira nzira dzakawanda uye manejimendi ekupindira. Muzviitiko zvevashandisi vakawanda, kuparadzirwa kwezviratidzo nenzira dzakawanda kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana mukushandiswa kwespectrum. Nekugadzirisa modhi yekupindira uye kuunza nzira yekutaurirana inoshanda pamwe chete, kukanganisa kwakaipa kwekuparadzira nzira dzakawanda pakugoverwa kwespectrum kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Chekupedzisira ndechekuomarara kwekuverenga kwe dynamic spectrum allocation. Mune network yakakura yemushandi mumwe chete, kugadzirisa spectrum allocation panguva chaiyo kunoda kugadzirisa data rakawanda. Nekuda kweizvi, dhizaini yekombuta yakagoverwa inogona kushandiswa kupatsanura basa rekugovera spectrum kune imwe neimwe base station, nokudaro kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwe centralized computing.
Kushandisa tekinoroji yeredhiyo yekuziva kune network yemushandi mumwe chete ine maredhiyo akawanda hakungogone chete kuvandudza mashandiro ezviwanikwa zvespectrum, asiwo kuisa hwaro hwekutarisira network yehungwaru mune ramangwana. Muminda ye smart home, automated driving, industrial Internet of Things, nezvimwewo, kugoverwa kwema spectrum zvakanaka uye masevhisi enetwork ane latency yakaderera ndizvo zvinodiwa zvikuru. Tekinoroji yeredhiyo yekuziva yemushandi mumwe chete inopa rutsigiro rwakakodzera rwehunyanzvi kune izvi zviitiko kuburikidza nekutarisira zviwanikwa zvakanaka uye kudzora kupindira kwakaringana.
Mune ramangwana, nekusimudzirwa kwema network e5G ne6G uye kushandiswa kwakadzama kwetekinoroji yehungwaru hwekugadzira, tekinoroji yeredhiyo yekuziva yemushandi mumwe chete inotarisirwa kugadziriswa zvakanyanya. Nekuunza ma algorithms akangwara, akadai sekudzidza kwakadzama nekudzidza kwekusimbisa, kugoverwa kwakakodzera kwezviwanikwa zve spectrum kunogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo yakaoma ye network. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuwedzera kwekudiwa kwekutaurirana pakati pemidziyo, network ye multi-radio access yemushandi mumwe chete inogonawo kuwedzerwa kutsigira kutaurirana kwe multi-mode uye kutaurirana kwekushandira pamwe pakati pemidziyo, zvichivandudza mashandiro e network.
Kutarisira zviwanikwa zve spectrum zvine hungwaru inyaya huru munyaya dzekutaurirana kusina waya. Tekinoroji yeredhiyo yekuziva inoshanda nevashandi vega inopa nzira itsva yekuvandudza mashandiro ekushandisa spectrum nekurerutsira kwayo kugovana ruzivo, kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatanidza zviwanikwa, uye kudzora kutonga kwekupindira. Kunyangwe matambudziko akawanda ehunyanzvi achiri kuda kukundwa mumashandisirwo anoshanda, zvakanakira zvayo zvakasiyana uye mikana yakakura yekushandisa inoita kuti ive gwara rakakosha rekuvandudza tekinoroji yekutaurirana isina waya mune ramangwana. Mukutsvaga nekugadziridza, tekinoroji iyi ichabatsira kutaurirana kusina waya kuenda kune ramangwana rinoshanda uye rakangwara.
(Chidimbu kubva paInternet, ndapota taura nesu kuti tibvise kana paine kutyorwa kwemutemo)
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-20-2024
